NuComm Company in China

Is Duncan Cowie right in his view that China is an â€Å"ideal market† for NuComm? Is  this the right time to enter? In today’s world, it has been noted that the internal market in any given single country has been shrinking by the day, hence forcing the firms to search for markets outside their country.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on NuComm Company in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, globalization has come in handy to help these firms with the much-needed demand for their goods and services, therefore, decreasing their operating costs and increasing the profit margins through economies of scale. Contrary to many people’s views, going outside one’s country of origin is not an easy task, and it requires strategic planning together with good timing not forgetting enough and extensive research to be sure that the investment is worthy, since the initial costs ar e high. NuComm management is faced by the dilemma of determining whether investing in China is a feasible option, and if it is to choose the location and mode of entry. Duncan Cowie the financial manager of the company who worked in China for around two years, and has some experience in the Chinese business atmosphere, proposed that China is the ideal market for Nucomm. NuComm needs to diversify from the American and the Canadian markets where it has based its operations for years due to the volatility of the currencies there hence affecting its profit margins. The idea of investing in China was the best at the time given the prevailing conditions. 1. The Chinese workers in North American represent a significant number yet they are not covered by any call center firm, and that would make a good opportunity as they will be more ready to associate themselves with a company which would serve them even when they are back in China.Advertising Looking for case study on business econ omics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 2. China is still an upcoming industrial country where a service industry is just but gaining foot, and that would be advantageous, if NuComm becomes one of the first firms to start offering the communication service. 3. There are a lot of opportunities that are available in China and highlights the meager number of call centers available compelling one call center seat to serve 100, 000 people compared to America’s 700 people. 4. The government of the people’s Republic of China has recently promised to support foreign firms that have the intention of investing in the telecommunication sector, since they want to develop this sector. The government has indicated the possibility of relaxing laws that regulate foreign investment, including the requirement that a foreign firm must have some percentage of local ownership in order to operate in China, to attract foreign firms. This is an idea that NuComm should take advantage of because though it is only directed to a specific city, Dalian, the Chinese government has a reputation of implementing all its promises and putting all necessary machineries in place whenever it wants something done. 5. The idea of not going where the market is but where the market is expected to be helped NuComm to succeed in the Philippines. In China, Cowie notes also that the call center service businesses are not so much pronounced, which means that there is a lot of potential, when people there would come to know the usefulness of the services offered. 6. NuComm needs to expand very fast in order to save itself from the financial problems that are imminent. The possibility of growth in China is projected to be just what NuComm needs to be able to set pace for financial sustenance.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on NuComm Company in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Le arn More Industrial analysts have projected that the call center seats will increase at a rate of 40 per cent per year, which is higher than even in America, where the market is fast becoming saturated. 7. Besides, the cost of operations in China would be far much lower than those of America because wages in China are comparably lower than in the US, and wages make the bulk of NuComm’s recurring expenses. The most expensive town in China is Shanghai, where the wages are $282 compared to America’s $2500. 8. NuComm’s efforts in India failed and going back would be more of gambling given that there is nobody who is experienced as to how business is run there. On the other hand, Cowie has been working in China albeit with another company and therefore, knows how to go about with business in that country. The timing could not be more perfect than now because the government has just pledged support, infrastructure is good and the upcoming Olympic Games will increase business opportunities. The Olympic Games will bring a lot of people from various parts of China as well as other parts of the world, and it would be just perfect opportunity to create contacts with various firms which would become the customers. The government is also encouraging the development of the telecommunication sector and has even promised support to foreign firms that are willing to locate in specific places. Assess Cowie’s five-step entry strategy for China. Does the sequence make sense? Duncan Cowie suggests a five-step entry strategy which if applied by NuComm will be of great help, according to him. It is important to focus on the Chinese people working in America as the main target, because they are bound to be more willing to have service, since they have been in the American market and have probably used the service at one point in time, therefore, they know how important it is. The workers also, being Chinese, have information about Chinese’s firms and individuals who may be interested in the service and therefore, will help a lot in giving referrals and enabling NuComm to take opportunities a head of time.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also important to have clients that will enable the firm to break even in the early stages of entry. On that note, the Chinese workers in America stand to be the most dependable at the moment given that they have embraced the advancement in technology. The Chinese workers will also be delighted to be associated with a company that operates in China and which is ready to offer them services that they have not been receiving. On top of that, more and more American firms are entering the Chinese market, while others have already established there, and they will all require call center services. These firms will be looking for a more credible company available to contract for the services. Given the popularity that NuComm has in the US and Canadian markets, it will stand a greater chance of securing deals for most American firms, which based in China. As it is in America, many firms prefer out sourcing call center services and will therefore, definitely need the services even when in the foreign market, more so when it is another American firm that is offering the service. It should be noted, however, that dependency on American firms only can be catastrophic given that the number of American firms entering Chinese market might not enough to support NuComm’s business. A large number of the inhabitants of Chinese cities are the natives of China, who also happen to own a substantial number of businesses, which mostly serve the Chinese people, and to some extent, foreigners. China is also densely populated, if population is an indicator of the market that is available. Therefore, tailoring some of the products for the Chinese businesses will be of great importance to NuComn, if they want to earn from the investment. It should be noted that in China, English or French is not used, and people there use Chinese language for communication. It will be therefore, a limiting factor, if NuComm does not improvise a way that they will provide services in Chinese l anguage and in fact, this should be done as early as possible. China is the center for Asian development, and it has put in place a conducive business environment for economic development other than the fact that it is centrally located in the Asian continent. It is, therefore, possible to use it as a center to serve other Asian countries as Cowie is suggesting. Hong Kong which is one of the cities of China is identified as the epitome of business with various parts of the world leave alone Asia, hence it would not be difficult for NuComm to serve other countries, especially from Asia using China as their point of operation. Though the five-point strategies make sense, the order is not very convincing to people. I agree that using the Chinese who work in America as the first strategy in entry is quite good given that they present the easiest people of Chinese origin to convince on the importance of call centers. It is also important to aim at American firms as the second strategy si nce they have the ideas of the advantages of the services offered by NuComm, and the two strategies have taken into consideration the language barrier that is bound to affect the operations of NuComm. But at the same time, the Chinese people who are the natives and who are the majorities should not be sidelined for long because Chinese people have a higher tendency of copying, and they might adopt NuComm’s idea to start their own businesses, which will compete with NuComm. Therefore, the strategy of China for China should come in the third, or second, if possible, to reduce the chances of competition from the Chinese people, and also to prepare for the strategy of supporting American firms to invest in China through Chinese voice services. What are the risks facing NuComm in entering China at this time? Though the Chinese venture seems to be profitable, there are a lot of risks that may face NuComm on entry. 1. Chinese people are known to have a culture of copying, if they re spect somebody’s idea, which NuComm is not used to and which increases competition. Intellectual rights are protected in Canada and US, where NuComm is based, but that is not the case in China. The probability of several companies springing up a few years or months after NuComm has set up is high. 2. The Chinese people after realizing that their people have come up with companies that offer the same services as NuComm may choose to deal with their people therefore, decreasing the market for NuComm. 3. The Chinese might customize the services into Chinese language before NuComm does that which will further shrink the chances of NuComm getting hold of the market. It is, therefore, upon Nucomm to move with speed after entry to ensure they increase their scale as fast as possible so that they get to enjoy economies of scale before competition stiffens. 4. Moreover, the Chinese system of government has proven to be very corrupt and to get assistance one needs to know somebody in a position of influence as opposed to either America or Canada, where corruption is minimal, if not absent. This is made clear by Duncan Cowie, when he says that he had to party the whole night with Chinese families to get things done his way. The ruling party officials had ties with the so called private firms and offered them favorable business conditions hence an upper hand amongst competitors. Therefore, it might be difficult for the NuComm firm to operate without having a god father to help in pushing things given that America and Canada are places where protocols are observed. It is also not clear if there might be someone who is very influential and who might want to copy the NuComm idea and therefore, manipulate the authorities to push regulations against NuComm. But on the same note, Cowie had been in China and knows who is who and how they are approached and what is required for one to succeed in that country therefore, he will be able to help. 5. On top of that, most firms , which had entered China early on have not broken even in the market and hence, they were yet to even recover the initial cost of investment. NuComm’s case as it is has financial problems and could not afford to tie down any amount of money for a long period of time without realizing any returns from it. It therefore, has to strategize on how to make returns from the very first moment they enter the Chinese market. 6. For service delivery to be efficient and thus, reduce operating costs staff must deliver to their best and this can be through employing well educated and highly qualified people. In China, the call center services are relatively new to some places, where labor is cheap therefore, finding a well trained employee may be difficult. NuComm should, therefore, choose a method of training employees, so as to get maximum output from them, while maintaining the quality of their services and at the same time keeping operating costs at a minimum. Though wage rate might b e lower in China compared to Canada or America, getting the right employee might be an uphill task leading to decreased rate of delivery. 7. It is China’s regulation that a foreign firm cannot operate, if it is fully owned by foreigners which means that any international firm setting up in China must collaborate with the natives. This means NuComm has to look for another firm in China to enter into joint venture with, in order to be allowed to set up in China. The problem of finding the right company or securing favorable terms of operation sets in and NuComm has to strive to get a company, which is ready to enter into the call center business and give the best terms and conditions. Entering China can be done through any of the four cities that Cowie suggests but the most convenient city should be chosen for this is a risky process. The situation should be one where the costs are low while income is high and given the financial position of NuComm the returns should be realize d as early as possible. Which of the possible Chinese locations should the company choose, and what should be the mode of entry? Beijing is the capital city and expects to host Olympic Games besides having reduced costs compared to Shanghai and probability of getting highly educated staff is high. There will be many people coming during the Olympic Games, but this is periodical and after the games business will go back to normal, hence the viability of income after the Olympic Games is not very clear. Coupled with that is the fact that so far there has not been a firm that NuComm will partner with, in order to start its operations in Beijing. It is also evident that Beijing is the capital of the communist part, whose leaders are known to be very corrupt therefore, increasing the possibility of corrupt deals against NuComm should it be seen that NuComm will succeed. On the other hand, Shanghai is directly under the control of the central government; hence most of its activities are o verseen by government officials. The possibility of the government interfering with the operations of a firm located in shanghai is therefore, very high. Being a commercial town and a hub of industries in China, it has many businesses, which increase competition and therefore, people are striving to improve their performance hence they will be more receptive to any idea that will help in boosting productivity. Dalian has come into question due to the outright efforts by the government to boost development in the region thus, offering relaxation in regulations. Many foreign firms have been located there due to the policy that allows foreign investment and more are yet to come given that most policies limiting foreign investment can be relaxed. Most of the firm there are those, which are likely to offer support to NuComm and the government can be willing to facilitate the registration process. Furthermore, infrastructure is developed and it has the capability of meeting NuComm’ s demands. Hong Kong is the best city to enter china because: Hong Kong has had ties with the west for a long time now and has the entire infrastructure and other needs for full operation of NuComm. English is the official language of business therefore, language barrier will not be a problem. There are many companies, which are ready to assist NuComm in starting up given that collaborating with a local firm is a requirement in China. Returns to capital are realized at a faster rate in Hong Kong than any other city and this is what NuComm highly needs. The entry mode will be a joint venture because: China has a requirement that foreign firms must not be owned 100 per cent by foreigners, thus, leaving collaboration with local firms as the only viable option. A joint venture will help in minimizing the risks that faces NuComm, if it enters on its own in the new market. Due to corruption, relationship with top government officials is important in operation in China, therefore, a loc al firm will help in dealing with issues of relationships. The cost of entering as a joint venture is also minimal compared to the costs of entering in other means and NuComm is facing financial problems. This case study on NuComm Company in China was written and submitted by user Neil Guy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Internet Marketing Exploratory Descriptive and Causal essays

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How Tai Chi Chan can improve performance in sport activities Research Paper

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Scope Of Relationship Marketing

Scope Of Relationship Marketing The process of identifying the products and services required by the customers and implementing the policies in order to achieve the needs of the customers and developing the product based on it is known as marketing. It is an incorporated process by which the industries concentrates mainly on the requirement and needs of the customers and hence creates customer relationships stronger. Marketing process is implemented in order to recognize the customer, to satisfy the customer and to retain the customer. It is stated that marketing management is one of the important part of business management as it is related with the activities which are focused on the customers. The development of the marketing was originated because of the mature markets and overcapacities over some past few 2-3 centuries. In order to attain profit the industries started to mainly concentrate on the customers rather than the production. 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A previous survey of the six models had placed the customer market at the centre of the relationships marketing. Figure : The Six Market Model Limitations The marketing six models produce very detailed information and there are two important fields in which these six models contain limitations. These limitations should be corrected by all the users implementing these models for decision making in an industry. The limitations contain: The concentration provided more on the short term sales rather than the long term sales. When used for media mix optimization, these models have a clear preconception in favor of time-specific media (such as TV commercials) versus less time-specific media (such as ads appearing in monthly magazines); biases can also occur when comparing broad-based media versus regionally or demographically targeted media. The brand products and varieties are effected due to the long term sales failure. The marketing mix models are not confined by the involvement of the marketing spend on its brand variety. One of the reasons for this is the long time period taken by marketing in order to put an impact on the brand variety will go beyond and continue at the best. The other reason could be the variations in the financial and social areas and this reason or variation will not effect the marketing and the brand variety a lot. In the short term sales the market shares may get worsen day to day but the brand variety will be higher. Hence, this higher brand variety will help the industries to retain the sales and market share. Market segmentation Marketing segmentation is related with the separation of the customers into a single individual carrying the similar requirement and needs. For instance, Kelloggs cereals- the frostiest are marketed to the kids and crunchy nut cornflakes to adults. Here, both the customers are different and both the products are marketed as per the needs and wants of the customer. Market segmentation is performed for two main reasons. The first reason is segmentation permits perfect distribution of the industrys limited resources. An organization contains only limited resources. Hence, it should always select the particular group of customers. Moreover the tastes of the current western customers can be served better. Market segmentation can be further called as STP that is segment, target and position. Account based marketing system Account based marketing (ABM) is also called as key account marketing which is a planned approach to a business marketing where in an industry contacts with every single customer accounts by considering it as single market. This approach is considered as one of the best approaches as some companies like BearingPoint, Progress Software, Xerox and Hp are leading by implementing this approach. Strategies The following are the tactics and steps to choose a correct strategy for any particular accounts: Campaigning: Lead generation campaigns can be formed for fixing the appointments in a huge target accounts. Intelligence: Marketing role in outlining the target account and contacts within to recognize appropriate schemes. Awareness: communications will play a major role in building a positive insight as the awareness of the supplier is very low in target accounts. Sales: marketing also plays a role in supporting the sales proposal in order to progress the exchange rates and to reduce the sales cycle. Advocacy: The cycle will be finished when the customers turn to advocates and also implements to compel further growth in business. Retaining and Developing Customer Relationships In order to make sure long-term banking customer relationships gimmicks and enticing trinkets are not the best approach just like in personal courtships and it has learned by Caribbean retail financial institutions. The customers who are not having any long-term inducement to be with their company will be effortlessly lured by competitors product of the week next week and the best performers know this thing very well. Hence, the business development remains cost efficient with existing customers than planning to obtain new customers. Implementing these inventive strategies which is stands on this knowledge stays very much easy for many industry participants. Task 2 New online marketing technology Structuring and reflecting of social relations and social networks in between the people who share interests and activities is concentrated by a social network service. Social network service generally includes a variety of extra services, representation of each other user (often a profile) and his/her social links. Users can interact by using internet like e-mail, instant chatting as many of the social network services are web based. Online community is treated as social networking sometimes and social networking means an individual focused service and online community deals with groups. In social networking sites users can share ideas, interests and creativity within their individual networks. The major type of social networking services are the one which includes group places, ways to connect with friends and a suggestion system linked to trust. The famous procedures unite many of theseas Twitter and Face book are used globally. The most common sites used in north America are Linkedin and MySpace; in Canada Nexopia is used; in Netherlands- Bebo, Hi5 and Hyves;in Germany-StudVZ ; iWiW is mostly used in Hungary; Tuenti in Spain; Tagged, XING, Decayenne, Badoo and Skyrock are used in some regions of Europe;Hi5 and Orkut in south America and Central America; in India Orkut and Face book; Friendster, Mixi, Multiply, Orkut, Wretch, renren and Cyworld in Asia and the Pacific Islands. There are some steps taken for optimizing the services in order to evade the need to some duplicate entries of the friends and interests, although this has created few security and privacy concerns. Some largest social networking sites have originated a concept of making the world digital, while others concentrate on different sectors from music and books to non profit business to motherhood in order to provide both services and community to the individuals along with the interests shared among them. Additional features Few social networking sites have many added features, which hold skills to make communities that will share the same interests or connections, downloading live videos, having a discussion through forums or blogs. Internet mapping is opted by geosocial networking in order to categorize user involvement in the geographic characteristics and their elements. Mobile social networking has become most popular and the latest trend. Users having a mobile phone social networking can now be able to create their own profile, involve in the chat rooms, make friends, create chat rooms, can distribute or share photos and videos and also can share some blogs. Users of mobile phone are provided every option that people who sit with the computer have. The wireless services provided by some companies allow the customers in building their own communities for mobiles and also permits them to brand it. But, among many, Face Book is the most popular social networking site through the wireless services. Certain innovative features are provided to the site by some companies which give the real world experience. Linkedin.com is one more professional aspect in social networking. With this users can exchange their ideas, information, and the knowledge. This helps the professional to be posted with the updated knowledge in the respective fields. Business model To get membership few of these social network sites charge the user. This is because the concept of social networking is a new service and the value of it is not yet established nicely. Online advertises are given by the companies like MySpace and the Face book. Therefore they take memberships largely and the charges are given in a counterproductive way. Some companies believe that the core information about the user provided in the site can easily be targeted with advertises when compared to any other sites. In these social networking sites the members serves for both the roles that is for the suppliers and as the content consumers. This is kind of autonomous operation in these sites. But, in the world of business, the consumers and the suppliers are quite distinct. Gaining revenue is easier in the business with the means of the advertisement. But this is possible while the level of the content and the memberships are quite high. Several application domains use online marketing. They are: Application for the business Application for the dates Application of the government Applications on the Medical terms Applications on the education Various ways of Marketing Mobility marketing In marketing the mobile marketing can fall in to any of the category. Primarily, the marketing can be described by the mobiles devices such as mobile phone. Secondarily, the marketing is described as a moving with the trends. The Mobile Marketing Association has updated a definition of the marketing for mobile in the year 2009 as: Mobile Marketing is a set of practices that enables organizations to communicate and engage with their audience in an interactive and relevant manner through any mobile device or network. Mobile marketing via MMS Mobile marketing through MMS will include the video, audio, text, and the images. Here the content of the mobile is delivered through the MMS. Now, almost all the mobile phones are capable to send and receive the MMS messages. But the brands can be able to send and receive the messages through the MMS A2P network to its subscribers. In some other networks, brands can also sponsor the messages which are sent person to person. For example: The campaign of the Motorola was initiated by the MMS mobile at the House of Blues Venue. Here the users can send the images and photos to mobile in real time. Mobile marketing via Infrared Infrared is one of the oldest mobile marketing. In late 90s, some of the companies based of Europe, have experimented the shopping window marketing through the free waves of Infrared. The range of infrared is limited and did not establish as a leader in the Mobile Marketing. Viral marketing Viral marketing is something which will encourage the individuals for passing the messages for marketing to others. This will create the potential to growth exponentially with the exposed messages. Like the virus, these strategies will take much advantage of multiplying rapidly for exploding a single message till thousands. In Internet this is called as Viral Marketing. Guerrilla marketing is invented as an unconventional system of the promotions which depends on time, imagination, and the energy instead of the big market. In the same way, the campaignings for the marketing is also unconventional and interactive. The consumers are targeted in the unexpected places. Its objective is creating the unique, and a sharp concept that provokes the thought. Jay Conrad Levinson has coined this term in the book Guerrilla Marketing. Since then this term has become most popular. The approaches such as the encounters in the public places, the products being sold in the streets, the stunts, any marketing that gives more results from minimal resources etc, are involved in the Guerrilla Marketing. The digital technology is being used by the mobile as one more approach to the guerrilla marketing. This will help them to create more customers and have a good brand. As the base of the guerrilla marketing Levinson identified few principles. they are as follows: This is mainly to serve the business and the entrepreneur that are small Instead of the experience, judgments, and the work done by guessing it should involve the humans. Investing time, imagination, and the energy are the primary issues rather than money The profit ratio is the primary issue to measure the business and not the sales Also concentrate on the number of new relations made per month Instead of diverting the focus concentrate on creating a standard. Concentrate on more referrals and transactions, instead of trying to get more number of customers Cooperate more on the business instead of the competition These marketers have to use the combination of the methods in the marketing for the campaign Build the business by making use of the technologies that are more updated Aim the messages to the smaller group of the audiences instead of the larger groups Focus more on an individual to gain their consent. This will let them send more messages Social media marketing In the organization of the communications plan, Social Media Marketing is the recent competent. For connecting with the markets target, integrating the markets communication is the principle. In order to produce the message on which the customer easily focuses, the market communication has to be integrated with the elements like The models of the traditional marketing like the frequency, content, timing, and the communication medium with the organization is collaborated with the external agent like agencies for advertising, firms for the market researches, and the firms with the public relation. The communication of the organization the impact of the social media has an impact on the kind of communication made by the organization with the customers. Platforms of social media marketing The social media marketing will benefit the organization and the individual by providing the additional channel for the support of the customer. This becomes a mean for gaining the insight of the customer and the competitiveness and also provides a method to manage the online reputation. The main factors ensuring the relevance for the customer, the value provided to them with the strength of the base where it is built. The foundation that is strong will serve as the platform to centralize the information and for directing the customers with the developments made recently with the help of social media channels, and publications released through press. The goal is for creating a foundation that is strong and will engage the powers of the customers by providing the opportunities to the communication in the organization. Platform is most important due to the reason that the organization will measure and monitor the effects on the customers. Tools offered are more applicable than anything else to achieve the goal set by the customer. Example: With the Direct2Dell forum the Dell computers has the strongest blog. This also helps to improve the organization fame and gives a chance to improve the learning chances for the bloggers. Ever since the site is begun, the percentage of the blogs is improved by 22% from 49%. Dell, with the support to their customers by addressing the concerns, comments, and the questions through the blog was achieved. Target Targets are achieved on the Face Book by getting real with the customers and by the exposed products that matches the needs of the customers. Target focused more on the benefits by connecting to the customers and in understanding the medium. They have allowed the customers to shape the group and made the curve of learning easier. Starbucks This Starbucks will be found on the Face Book, Flicker, Twitter etc, and on other blogging sites by the My Starbucks Idea. This has the best strategies for the social media. They have focused more on gaining the customers needs, likes, and the information. This helps them maintain customers in good number. Conclusion The process of identifying the products and services required by the customers and implementing the policies in order to achieve the needs of the customers and developing the product based on it is known as marketing. It is an incorporated process by which the industries concentrates mainly on the requirement and needs of the customers and hence creates customer relationships stronger.

The Management Style at Cadbury Essay -- Business and Management Studi

A description of the management style used at Cadbury There are three main management styles that a business can have these are:  · Democratic  · Consultative  · Autocratic  · Laissez-faire Cadbury’s management style is democratic. This is when all members of staff work together as a team. The managers listen to the other employees ideas and suggestions before they go ahead with decisions. If ideas are found to be achievable and successful by the senior group, then it is taken forward. Then as a team they reach a decision. The approach of this style is that they care and listen to everyone in the teams view and what they think not just their own. This style can be used in both large and small groups. It would work well in a large motivated groups because they can come to a decision a lot quicker, but in a smaller group they can fail with coming up with a decision amongst themselves and will need real guidance and direction. If a decision cannot be made then a vote will take place and the out come will be the one with the most votes. This management style is good for Cadbury because it motivates workers; with having power and decision-making and through this it allows them to be involved in the business. The ways in which Cadbury shows that they are a democratic style is:  · An example is when they come to the idea of developing a new product. The then consult production, then marketing, then finance, have a meeting with everyone concern or who has/wants a say, the product then goes into production and management then makes the final decision.  · They also had to discuss whether it was a good idea to fill the vending machines in the U.S.A with their products. The majority of the employees decided on this that it would be a good idea, so they went ahead, and in the end they beat the other competitors.  · When Cadbury’s World was being developed they would have to decide on the structure of it, what should and shouldn’t be included, the facilities that will be offer and much more important information. All the members of Cadburys would have the opportunities to give their views of the ideas. Within a consultative management, which is similar to the democratic, approach instead of discussions with the group and coming up with the decision together the managers so it themselves. This approach ... ...sation and very low morale. It relies on the power or personality of the owner or directors who all the key decisions this can end up being a problem if these people change. the people that are consider to work well in this culture are like-minded to help with the approach of the running of the organisation. The structure tends to be loose and informal, it tends to be organised by functions Role culture this offers logic, reality and security. It can also get very frustrating when trying to get a job done. It has a formal structure, which is hierarchical. This organisation’s jobs can be done by many people, even though the limits of the jobs are strictly controlled. The job or role can been seen to be more important then the people. Person Culture this organisation exists to serve the people in it. It is aimed to satisfy and motivate them. The style that this organisation works to is that the people are more important than the actual organisation. This style works best in reality because it is a small, informal flat organisation. It is found mostly in professional organisations such as management consultancy where each consultant works on individual projects.

Buddhist Ethnography

The Buddhist Experience Buddhism is a religion that focuses more on the individual and the actions of that individual, which was prevalent to me when I made my way into Portland and set foot in a Buddhist temple. The man I met within the walls of this temple was far from my stereotypical thoughts of Buddhist monks. The man I met looked like your plain old, average Joe, American man. Before I delve into the depths of my visit to this inspiring place, I need to sum up the Buddhist religion and why I chose to study this particular group of people.First, Buddhism. Buddhism is a religion based off of the idea that there is a path that one can take to achieve enlightenment, instead of believing in a god or multiple gods. Buddhism began with a man named Siddhartha. Siddhartha, the son of a king and heir to the throne, was forbidden to leave the castle walls within which he was confined. His Father, the king, made him stay within the walls at all time so as not to see the suffering that was happening in the outside world. His father even hid all aging and sickness from his son.One day, Siddhartha told his personal bodyguard that he wanted to venture beyond the walls of the castle. The servant had no choice but to obey what Siddhartha had told him. The two set out and on their journey, they came across an old man in the street who was very close to dying. Siddhartha asked the bodyguard what was wrong with the man and the bodyguard had no choice but to tell Siddhartha the truth. They repeated this feat of leaving the castle walls on 3 more occasions, seeing a sickly woman on the side of the road one day, a dead body on the side of the road the next, and a renunciator on the fourth and final day.Each time the bodyguard was asked what was wrong with the person they saw, and each time, he was forced to tell Siddhartha the truth. These four people became known as the four sights, and eventually lead to Buddhism’s main teachings: life is suffering but there is a way ou t of the suffering. The way out of the suffering of life is through the Noble Eight Fold Path. The Noble Eight Fold Path teaches the way to act within the living world and what you can do to further your way along the path of Enlightenment.The Eight folds are: Right understanding, Right thought, Right speech, Right action, Right livelihood, Right effort, Right mindfulness, and Right concentration. This is the way that everyone should live if they want to achieve enlightenment along the Buddhist path. This is not the only thing that Siddhartha taught though. Like every single religion since the beginning of time, there is a list of rules. Christianity has the 10 Commandments, Islam has the Five Pillars of Islam, and Buddhism has the Religious Reformations of Buddha. Unlike most religions, Buddhism strays from the focus on an all mighty deity or deities.Buddhism preaches five different logics that deviate from the norm when it comes to religious ideals: first, Strive after enlightenme nt with due diligence. This means you must put a lot of effort into the job of enlightenment if you wish to achieve it. Second, there will be no metaphysical theorizing. This is the one that seems to throw a wrench into the ideals of every religion before it, there is no God and if you even think that there is a God, you are disgracing the Buddhist way of life. Buddhism is a way of life, it is not a religion with a holy God. Third, there is no tradition, no ritual.The teachings themselves are supposed to lead you, but if you do not know yourself, there is no way that you can know Buddhism and have the ability to follow the Noble Eightfold Path to enlightenment, once you find yourself and know yourself, then you can accept or reject the teachings of the Buddha. Fourth, is that you will find salvation through your efforts. If you are a diligent Buddhist and you work at the Eightfold Path to achieve enlightenment, you will be rewarded; you just need to have patience. Finally, there are no supernatural miracles, no water into wine, no parting of the Red Sea, just what goes on down here on plain old earth.In fact, at one point, the Buddha says â€Å"Those who attempt to work miracles are not my disciples†. This tells you just how serious the Buddha is about his focus on the natural and this-worldly things. Now that the basics have been laid out, time for why I chose to study Buddhism. Buddhism has been in my life for as long as I can remember, if only minimally. My father subscribed to a Buddhism magazine called Tricycle, more of an Americanized look at Buddhism. Moreover, the teachings of Buddhism and its focus on the here and now, how you treat people around you, and how you act towards people, have always been appealing to me.This opportunity fell into my lap and I was more than happy to take the chance to learn about something I had always known too little about. When I approached the temple, I immediately got a feel for an organized group of people simp ly by the way they approached the trimming of the trees and plants. Everything seemed to have a purpose and seemed to play off each other. The trees, with circles of branches only, seemed to perfectly accent the red, almost poinsettia looking flowers behind them leading up the staircase into a very plain, unexpressive building.Once I gained entrance into the temple itself, it was a different site than I expected. Beyond a Plexiglas barrier, was a very church-like worship area with decorations on a slightly elevated plateau. Gold smattered in with vivid colors greeted my eyes as I stepped through the door into the temple’s worship area. There was a statue of the Buddha in the middle, made out of gold, with a halo surrounding his head. On the left, slightly behind the level of the Buddha, was a cloth with the picture of 7 men that our Reverend Gregory G Gibbs would refer to as the authors of the Chinese Buddhist Cannon which is about 100,000 pages long.There was two thirds of a copy of the Cannon itself on the far sides of the raised area. In front was a large circular bowl with a top on it that we were informed was used for incense which is one of the three offerings that people were allowed to leave for Buddha. Incense is one of the ancient ways, and would be burned while the reverend would teach to the disciples. The other two gifts were flowers, which were meant to signify impermanence, and candles, meant to signify wisdom.The man we were lead by was a middle aged looking white male, far from the short, bald, Asian monk dressed in flowing orange robes I had expected to meet. He taught us all about the temple and how it had been around for more than 105 years. He was a very cordial man who loved to hear the sound of his own voice, unfortunately. The man lead us through the basement, seeing holy murals that had been created for the centennial celebration a few years prior. He was very obviously a pious man who had sought to follow the path of the Buddha into enlightenment.